Sunglasses for Eye Health: UV Protection or Polarised? Experts Share What Matters Most

When shopping for sunglasses, most people prioritize style — but eye experts say your shades should protect your eyes just like sunscreen protects your skin. According to Dr. Vishali Gupta, Professor at the Advanced Eye Centre, PGI Chandigarh, sunglasses are more than a fashion accessory — they’re essential for protecting your vision from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.

“Your sunglasses must offer 100% protection from the sun’s harmful UV rays. Look for a label that says UV400 — this ensures you’re protected against both UVA and UVB rays,” explains Dr. Gupta.

What is UV Light and Why Is It Dangerous?

Ultraviolet (UV) light is invisible to the human eye but can penetrate the delicate tissues of your eyes. There are three types:

• UVA: Linked to skin aging and increased risk of skin cancer around the eyes.
• UVB: More harmful; causes sunburn and can lead to eyelid cancers.
• UVC: The most dangerous form, capable of causing severe skin damage.

“Exposure to UV light can damage the eye’s lens proteins, increasing the risk of cataracts. It can also harm the retina and raise the chances of age-related macular degeneration,” warns Dr. Gupta.

UV400 Sunglasses: What to Look For

Always choose sunglasses labeled UV400, which block 99-100% of UVA and UVB rays. Polarised lenses can reduce glare — especially from water or roads — but do not guarantee UV protection unless specified.

Fit Matters: Wraparound for Maximum Safety

A good fit is just as crucial as the lens quality. Loose or ill-fitting frames may let harmful light in from the top, bottom, or sides.

“Wraparound sunglasses are ideal, especially for people who work outdoors. They protect not only your eyes but also the sensitive skin around them,” says Dr. Gupta.

She also recommends wearing them during peak sun hours — 10 AM to 4 PM, especially in high-altitude regions or during summer.

Best Lens Colours for Comfort and Clarity

Dr. Ashok Sharma, Director of Dr. Ashok Sharma Cornea Centre, recommends brown or amber lenses for outdoor use. These shades provide excellent contrast against greenery and sky, making them perfect for nature lovers and athletes.

Other useful lens options include:

• Single-gradient lenses: Darker on top, lighter at the bottom — great for reducing sky glare.
• Double-gradient lenses: Dark top and bottom with a lighter middle — ideal for snow or water sports.
• Mirror coatings & anti-reflective lenses: Minimize glare and improve overall clarity.

Final Word

While polarised lenses help reduce glare, UV protection is non-negotiable for safeguarding your vision. Choose UV400-rated wraparound sunglasses, consider comfort and fit, and opt for lens tints suited to your lifestyle and environment.

Your eyes will thank you.